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Gordon Moore was born on January 3, 1929, in San Francisco, California. Known for his intellectual curiosity from a young age, he frequently participated in science competitions while attending Sequoia High School in Redwood City, California. After completing high school, Moore initially enrolled at San José State University. However, after two years, he transferred to the University of California, Berkeley, where he earned a bachelor's degree in chemistry in 1950.
Moore pursued doctoral studies in chemistry at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), not the University of California as previously stated. He completed his Ph.D. in 1954. Following his graduation, he accepted a position in research at the Applied Physics Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University, rather than MIT. Eventually, he joined Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, which laid the foundation for his future contributions to the semiconductor industry.
Moore became one of the "traitorous eight" who left Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory to form Fairchild Semiconductor in 1957. His leadership and expertise helped shape the company into a pioneer in the semiconductor field. In 1965, he made a groundbreaking observation in an article published by Electronics Magazine, predicting that the number of transistors on integrated circuits would double approximately every year. In 1975, he revised this forecast to roughly every two years. This prediction, known as Moore's Law, became a guiding principle for the growth of the semiconductor and electronics industries.
In 1968, Moore co-founded NM Electronics with his colleague Robert Noyce. The company was soon renamed Intel Corporation—short for Integrated Electronics. Under Moore’s leadership, Intel grew into the world’s leading semiconductor manufacturer. The company became globally recognized for its innovation, particularly in microprocessors. Intel’s processor series, including the Intel Core i3, i5, and i7, have become benchmarks in computer performance and are widely used across various computing platforms.
In 2000, inspired by his success and a desire to give back, Moore and his wife founded the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The foundation supports a wide range of causes, including scientific research, environmental conservation, and improvements in patient care. One of its key focus areas is climate change and its long-term impact on global populations, reflecting Moore’s commitment to sustainability and future generations.
Moore's contributions to science and technology have earned him numerous awards. In 1976, he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering. He received the National Medal of Technology and Innovation from the President of the United States, one of the highest honors in the field. In 2003, he was named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in recognition of his lifelong achievements in scientific innovation.
Gordon Moore maintained a relatively private personal life. He was married to Betty Moore, with whom he had two children. Outside of his professional endeavors, he was an avid fisherman who valued his time in nature. As a result of his transformative impact on the technology sector and wise investments, Moore accumulated an estimated net worth of approximately $8 billion. His legacy endures through Intel Corporation, Moore’s Law, and his substantial philanthropic contributions.
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