Doherty rose through the ranks to represent Tasmania in domestic cricket and was a key part of their bowling attack in the limited-overs formats. His performances eventually earned him a spot on Australia’s Under-19 squad, representing the country in the 2002 U-19 Cricket World Cup held in New Zealand.

International Debut and ODI Career

Doherty made his One Day International (ODI) debut for Australia on 3 November 2010 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in a match against Sri Lanka. In his debut match, he impressed by taking 4 wickets for 46 runs in his 10 overs, although Australia lost the game. His success in the ODI format, especially in limited-overs cricket, solidified his place as a reliable spin option for the national team.

Over time, Xavier Doherty became known for his consistency in limited-overs cricket and was frequently picked as the team’s primary slow bowler. His bowling style, left-arm orthodox spin, was particularly effective in subcontinental conditions and against teams vulnerable to spin.

Test Career and Ashes Debut

Doherty made his Test debut later in the same month as his ODI debut, playing his first Test match against England at The Gabba in Brisbane during the 2010–11 Ashes series. He was selected ahead of incumbent off-spinner Nathan Hauritz, as the Australian selectors opted for a specialist left-arm spinner. This dual debut in both ODIs and Tests within the same month marked a significant milestone in his cricketing career.

In his initial Test series, Doherty claimed 3 wickets, conceding over 300 runs across two matches. Despite a less-than-ideal start to his Test career, he remained part of the selectors' considerations, particularly for matches requiring spin support.