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Erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets are collectively called formed elements and they constitute nearly 45 per cent of the blood. Erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBC) are the most abundant of all t...

Published: Mar 13 2023

Vitamin B complex (Niacin)

Niacin encompasses nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. Nicotinamide is an essential part of the two pyridine nucleotides, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide pho...

Published: Apr 4 2022

Vitamin B complex (Riboflavin)

It is a group of vitamins which are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells. Though these vitamins share similar names, they a...

Published: Apr 4 2022

Vitamin B Complex (Thiamine)

It is a group of substances (the vitamin B complex) that are essential for the working of certain enzymes in the body and, are generally found together in the same foods....

Published: Apr 4 2022

Proteins are complex organic nitrogenous compounds. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur in varying amounts. Some proteins also contain phosphorus and iron and occasiona...

Published: Apr 4 2022

Obesity may be defined as an abnormal growth of the adipose tissue due to an enlargement of fat cell size (hypertrophic obesity) or an increase in fat cell number (hyperplastic obesity) or a combina...

Published: Apr 4 2022

Mitral stenosis

Mitral stenosis is a valvular heart disease characterized by the narrowing of the orifice of the mitral valve of the heart. It is almost always caused by rheumatic valvular heart disease. Mitral ste...

Published: Apr 4 2022

Hemoptysis is the coughing up of blood or blood-stained mucus from the bronchi, larynx, trachea, or lungs. In other words, it is airway bleeding. This can occur with lung cancer, infections such as tu...

Published: Apr 4 2022

A cough is a sudden expulsion of air through the large breathing passages that can help clear them of fluids, irritants, foreign particles and microbes. As a protective reflex, coughing can be repet...

Published: Apr 4 2022

Diphtheria is an acute bacterial infection caused by gram positive bacillus, Corynebacterium diphtheria that make toxin (poison). It can lead to difficulty breathing, heart failure, paralysis, and eve...

Published: Apr 4 2022

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